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General Overview

Type of stakeholder

EICS Framework

Region of Reference

Africa
Asia
Australia
Europe
North-America
South-America
World

Description

This type of intervention entails including the public in decision-making processes prior to enforcing or implementing public transport plans or policies. Public engagement is obtaining public feedback to assist government agencies, political leaders, and non-profit groups responsible for administering public policies and programs in making decisions [4]. Public engagement presents a number of challenges, three of which are highlighted here.

These include planning an event that is accessible to all key stakeholders, i.e., scheduling it at a convenient time and location, communicating with and receiving feedback from those in attendance, and pursuing continuous involvement that results in meaningful decision-making that reflects community values [4,5].

Facts/Illustrations/Case studies

There are many books and publications on the topic of public participation and transport planning. [7]
Public participation includes the promise that the public’s contribution will influence the decision; promotes sustainable decisions by recognizing and communicating the needs and interests of all participants, including decision-makers; seeks out and facilitates the involvement of those potentially affected by or interested in a decision; seeks input from participants in designing how they participate; provides participants with the information they need to participate in a meaningful way, and communicates to participants how their input affected the decision. [6]

Types of Impact

To/from the stop/station/rank✓
Waiting for train/bus/paratransit✓
In the vehicle✓
At interchanges✓

This intervention can impact all areas.

Day-time travel✓
Night-time travel✓
Peak-time travel✓
Off peak-time travel✓

All travel time categories could be positively impacted by this intervention, depending on the scale of implementation.

Bus✓
Train✓
Rideshare✓
4 wheelers informal✓
3 wheelers informal✓
2 wheelers informal✓
Cycling✓
Walking✓

Depending on the planned implementation, policy or infrastructure, the involvement of public in planning will affect the mode of public transport dealt with.

Girls✓
Boys✓
Adult Women✓
Men✓
Elderly Women✓
LGBTQI+✓

All public transport users could be positively impacted by this intervention, this could result in reduced travel time for all affected passengers, regardless of their demographic. The goal of public engagement should be to address the requirements of as many stakeholders as possible, regardless of their differences [1].

Resources

Monetary Resource Requirements
Public engagement unquestionably requires agency budgets, employee and volunteer time, technical help, and information infrastructure, and may not offer immediate returns on investment [4].
Capital Cost Requirements Operational Cost Requirements
Non-Monetary Resource Requirements
For this intervention, persons who have been trained in various methods of promoting engagement with diverse stakeholders will be put into action. In addition to the time it will take to implement this intervention, there will be time spent acquiring information that will aid in understanding how the engagements can be best implemented, as this intervention will differ depending on the geographical area and region in which it is being implemented. This intervention necessitates political will, as the effectiveness of the engagement is strongly dependent on it. There is no real scope for targeting this intervention to reduce the resource requirements.
Skills Time Political Will

SWOT Analysis

Can be designed to integrate the views, concerns, and issues of the public intothe decision-making process
Multiple methods of testimony allowed at public meetings
Public buys into decisions made

Budget restrictions may limit expenditure
Can cause delays

Virtual and in-person meetings (post covid)

A minimum of two (2) weeks for advance notice of public meetings required
Varied meeting times are needed, in order to allow for the participation of people with different work/school schedules to attend
All in-person meetings in locations easily accessible by public transit.

Effectiveness

This intervention can be quite effective since it allows some diverse audiences to participate in decision-making, shift power, and create an equal process; this requires hiring trustworthy advocates from the communities you are attempting to target to help you with this intervention [7].

Perception by (female) passengers
Perception by governing bodies
Level of confidence in these ratings

Implementation

Implementing this intervention may take time depending on the solution employed. Benefits arise while the intervention is carried out and continue to accumulate as projects are implemented.

Implementation timeframe

0-1 year✓
1-3 years✓
>3 years✓

Timeframe to realise benefits

0-1 year✕
1-3 years✓
>3 years✓

Scale of Implementation

All areas could be impacted depending on what is being implemented

National

Regional

City

Station or
Suburb

Ease of Implementation

This intervention can take a significant amount of effort to implement, and it may take some time to implement and see the benefits.

List of References

Africa

1. Phala SV. Assessment of Public Participation Process in the Comprehensive Integrated Transport Planning Process of The City of Johannesburg : 2003-2013. 2019;(December):2003-2013.

Asia

2. https://www.quora.com/Participatory-planning-has-been-a-topic-that-espouses-public-participation-in-urban-design-for-the-benefit-of-the-citizens-Is-there-also-an-established-idea-of-what-the-benefit-of-public-participation-would-be-to-private-sector-architectural-investors-or-clients

North America

3. Grossardt, T and Bailey, K, 2018. Transportation Planning and Public Participation – Theory, Process and Practice, Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-812956-2,

World

4. Quick; Kathryn S., Zhao Z. Suggested Design and Management Techniques for Enhancing Public Engagement in Transportation Policymaking. 2011:52.

5. Wagner J. Measuring performance of public engagement in transportation planning. Transp Res Rec. 2013;(2397):38-44. doi:10.3141/2397-05

6. Griffin GP, Stoeltje G, Geiselbrecht T, Simek C, Ettelman B, Metsker-Galarza M. Performance Measures for Public Participation Methods. 2018.

7. Marisa Denker, Mike Flynn, Samantha Donovan, Theresa Carr AZ. It’s Time for Public Participation to Evolve With Transportation Planning. https://www.planetizen.com/features/115279-its-time-public-participation-evolve-transportation-planning. Published 2021. Accessed February 7, 2022.

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