Examples of design concepts where visibility and clear sightlines are promoted.
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General Overview
Type of stakeholder
EICS Framework
Region of Reference
- Africa
- Asia
- Australia
- Europe
- North-America
- South-America
- World
Description
This intervention refers to the implication of clear sightlines in transport hubs and interchanges. Research revealed that the combination of limited access, a higher level of visibility, and natural surveillance in a train station environment, provides a heightened sense of security amongst travellers, discouraging misconduct. Thus, several early concepts were aimed to regulate the access and maximise visibility by incorporating those findings into the designs. Increased use of transparent materials enables ample natural light in sheltered areas and removes any potential hiding areas or blind spots, particularly around ticket machines where money handling is involved. Rational planning of entrances and exits provides railway stations with a more orderly flow of people with minimal opportunities for trouble. [2]
Sightlines need to be carefully designed in transit environments, with emphasis on the following characteristics:
using ‘open’ fences rather than solid walls where possible, to enhance the potential for formal and informal surveillance [2,3]
landscape design that does not provide places for people to hide, for example by using slow-growing shrubs that cannot grow too large, and prickly shrubs that minimise opportunities for concealment [2,3]
creating clear sightlines by blocking off recesses, use of convex mirrors or wide pillars at corners, and use of clear glazing [2,3]
Facts/Illustrations/Case studies
Types of Impact
Area Impacted
- To/from the stop/station/rank✕
- Waiting for train/bus/paratransit✓
- In the vehicle✕
- At interchanges✓
Time of Day of Impact
- Day-time travel✓
- Night-time travel✓
- Peak-time travel✓
- Off peak-time travel✓
Mode Impacted
- Bus✓
- Train✓
- Rideshare✓
- 4 wheelers informal✓
- 3 wheelers informal✓
- 2 wheelers informal✓
- Cycling✕
- Walking✕
Demographic impacted
- Girls✓
- Boys✓
- Adult Women✓
- Men✓
- Elderly Women✓
- LGBTQI+✓
Resources
SWOT Analysis
Perceived to be effective
It is easy to implement the core principals
Long term benefits
Might be difficult to retrofit existing infrastructure
Crime reduction
improve safety
Poor maintenance may render improvements ineffective
No guarantees of success
Effectiveness
Numerous literature sources indicate this to be an effective measure in improving public safety, with the effectiveness of the measure considered high regarding personal security, in this and other fields. Both female passengers and governing bodies rate the effectiveness of this intervention as high. [1-3,5-7]
- Perception by (female) passengers
- Perception by governing bodies
- Level of confidence in these ratings
Implementation
Implementation of the intervention is a time-intensive process, with its benefits only being fully realised upon its full implementation. The benefits are long-term, yet will require constant maintenance and upkeep for full functionality.
Implementation timeframe
- 0-1 year✓
- 1-3 years✓
- >3 years✓
Timeframe to realise benefits
- 0-1 year✓
- 1-3 years✓
- >3 years✓
Scale of Implementation
This intervention can be implemented at a local or city level.
Suburb
Ease of Implementation
This intervention is moderately easy to implement, as it requires a significant level of skilled services for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance.
List of References
Asia
Australia
Europe
3. Stafford, J. (2003). Safer travel by design: reducing crime on public transport Briefing.
4. van Harten, H. (n.d.). Environmental design and the perception of safety.
North America
6. Brown, R. (2013). Getting Safety on Track Expanding Edmonton’s LRT Design Guidelines to Improve Women’s Perceptions of Safety at Transit Stations.
7. Majd, C. S. (2013). NEXT STOP, SECURITY: UNDERSTANDING WHAT MAKES WOMEN FEEL SAFE IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION STATIONS.